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WP:templates

WP:templates

This page lists existing templates which you may find useful. For information on what templates are and how to use them, please see Wikipedia:Template namespace. Instructions: When you add new template messages to this page, please help keep the tables in alphabetical order. If you can't find the template that you need, you can request it on Wikipedia:Requested templates __NOTOC__ /Main page and alternatives/ ----
- For templates used on one of the Wikipedia's Main Pages. Article-related namespace ---- Please list navigational templates (as, for example, between pages relating to a specific topic) at Wikipedia:Navigational templates or at the appropriate WikiProject page. See also Wikipedia:Article series.

/General/
----
- Current events
- Disambiguation / Other uses
- Distinguish betweeen deceptively similar titles
- Expansion requests
- Footnotes / References
- Instructions
- Lorem ipsum
- Miscellaneous info
- Solution and spoiler warnings
- Special character warnings
- Technical limitations
- Tools
Article sources
----
- Citation templates for generic and specific sources
- GFDL sources
- Public domain sources
- Requesting sources and verification
- U.S. government sources
/Links/
----
- To databases (IMDb, Gutenberg, etc.)
- To main articles
- To maps
- To notes about German names
- To sister projects
Sister Projects
----
- All templates relating to Wikimedia sister projects

For deletion
----
- Categories (CfD)
- Images and media (IfD)
- Redirects (RfD)
- Speedy deletion (D)
- Templates (TfD)
- Stub types (SfD)
- Articles (AfD)
Disputes and warnings
----
- Accuracy
- Suspected hoax
- Neutrality
- Original research
- Contradictory
- Controversial
- Unencyclopedic
/Maintenance/
----
- Article in use (major edits)
- Protected from editing/vandalism
- Copyright violations
- Article issues
- General attention needed
- ISSN issues
- Lack of geopolitical balance
- Translations
- IPA conversion
- Merging / Splitting
- Categorization issues
- Move to sister projects
Cleanup
----
- General cleanup
- Wikify, copyediting
- Verify facts
- Importance/significance
- Context; technical
- Tone; clarity
- Fact or fiction
- Self-contradictory
- Complete rewrite
- Translate
- Pronunciation (IPA)
- Geographical balance
- Merges, moves

(Some of the templates are on multiple lists in the row above.)

Compact TOC
----
- Tables of contents: 0-9/A-Z
- Category TOCs
/Lists/
----
- Dynamic lists
- Incomplete lists
- Subject or topic lists
/Infoboxes/
----
- Table attributes for specific infoboxes
- Conservation status of species for taxoboxes See also: Wikipedia:Infobox templates and Wikipedia:WikiProject Tree of Life/taxobox usage
/Redirect pages/
----
- To be inserted at the bottom of redirect page, but does not prevent the redirect from working.

Note: This feature is broken in MediaWiki 1.4. See the Bugzilla:927 bug report.

/Talk namespace/
----
- Featured articles (and candidates)
- Free images
- Korea-related
- Link to translation
- Peer review
- ToDo lists
- WikiProject notices
- WikiProject inactive notice
- Comment
/Image namespace/
----
- Coat of Arms
- Copyright status unknown or unverified
- Creative commons licensed image
- Fair use claimed
- Free use image / Semi-free use image
- Government copyrights (UK, Canada, Poland)
- GNU/GFDL image
- Images and media for deletion
- Image categorization
- Non-free (copyrighted) image
- "not an orphan"
- Public domain image
- Screenshot See also: Wikipedia:Image copyright tags
/Media namespace/
----
- Integration of Ogg-files
- Sound sample (Ogg, fair use claimed)
Subject matter boxes and diagrams
----
- Calendars
- Court Decisions
- Diagrams
- Game and Puzzle layouts
- Grids
- Periodic Table

Non article-related namespace ----

/Project namespace/
----
- Policies and non-policies
- Village Talk
- WikiProjects
- WP:Sandbox
- WP:FAQ
- WP:BJAODN (Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense)
/Category namespace/
----
- Births in Years
- Books in Years
- Deaths in Years
- More information
- Categorization of people:
- Subjective Category Disclaimer
- Disputed categorisation
/User namespace/
----
- Contribution Licensing
- Disclaimer
- Languages
- New Page Links
- Open Tasks
- Picture of the Day
- Shared IP
- Wikimedia Licensing
/User talk namespace/
----
- Experimenting & Vandalism Notices
- Shared IP Notices
- Spamming Notices
- Three Revert Rule
- User Talk Requests
- Welcome Messages
- Edit-summary request
- Minor-edit reminder

All templates

- Wikipedia:Template messages/All (Very long page)

Related pages for specific types of templates

- Wikipedia:Navigational templates are designed to provide links to several related articles.
- Wikipedia:Infobox templates are designed to present summary information about an article's subject, such that similar subjects have a uniform look and in a common format.
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Tree of Life/taxobox usage lists templates for building taxonomical infoboxes (taxoboxes) for biological classification of living things and explains their usage. The boxes also contain conservation status templates.
- Wikipedia:Country referencing templates are designed to provide a tiny thumbnail of a country's flag next to its hyperlinked name, meant to visually improve lists of nations.
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types is the full listing of stub types. There are dozens of stub templates and associated categories. The creation and organization of stub types is being addressed by the WikiProject Stub sorting. The guidlines for template creation are found at Wikipedia:Stub.
- The high level topical subdivisions of stub templates are General, Culture, Commerce, Government and politics, Leisure, Sports, Religion and belief, Geography, History, People, Science, Technology, Transportation, Military and weaponry, and Miscellaneous.
- Wikipedia:Image copyright tags are copyright and licensing messages and other related tags for image description pages (the image namespace).
- The MediaWiki namespace controls interface messages for internal system use, and can only be modified by administrators.
- Wikipedia:Spoiler warning for a detailed explanation about the use of spoiler warning templates. Category:Wikipedia templates ja:Wikipedia:Template メッセージの一覧 ms:Wikipedia:Pesanan khas MediaWiki nb:Wikipedia:Maler simple:Wikipedia:Template messages th:วิกิพีเดีย:แม่แบบ ko:위키백과:템플릿 보기

Wikipedia:Template namespace

Templates are used to duplicate the same content across more than one page. You can change a template in one place and it will immediately propagate to the pages that use it. Templates often look like text boxes with a different background colour from that of normal text. They are in the template namespace, ie. they are defined in pages with "Template:" in front of the name. For example, consider the template Template:Spoiler (follow the link to see the page where it can be edited). To insert the template's content into an article, type in the wiki page ( is called a template tag ). Every article with that tag in it will display the following text:

This technique is commonly known as transclusion. Spaces in the name are allowed, e.g. . The first character (only) is not case-sensitive, so and are the same template, but and are not. Templates can also accept parameters which are then inserted into the output of the template. Templates in the article namespace provide information to help readers. These can include navigation aids, or warnings that content is sub-standard. Templates that provide information only of service to editors belong on an article's talk page. With the template namespace it is possible to include the contents of a page in that namespace within a page in a different namespace, using double curly braces around the template title (for example, would import Template:Title). This is used to:
- place recurring messages (such as those to denote stubs, disambiguation pages, etc.) into articles in a consistent manner;
- insert boilerplate messages for various issues like copyright violation, neutrality disputes, etc., using a simple shortcut command; and
- create navigational templates and sidebars to link series of related articles together.
- create infoboxes
- provide cross-language portability of texts which are largely internationally the same, but contain some standard terms different in each language; the standard terms are replaced by referring to Template pages which have the same name but localised content in each language. This is applied for taxoboxes. Templates should not masquerade as article content in the main article namespace; instead, place the text directly into the article. For instructions on using this namespace, and for more information about it, please see m:Template. For a list of topical category sidebars in the Template namespace, see Wikipedia:topics.
- (Changes) Wikipedia:Template messages – a list of boilerplate messages
- (Changes) Wikipedia:Navigational templates – a list of navigational elements

Syntax

See m:Help:Template for complete syntax reference Template syntax can be used to transclude non-template-namespace pages, as well. Virtually all articles are able to make an appearance via template syntax. The most common non-template that is generated with this syntax are entries for AfD (articles for deletion) logs (formerly called VfD [votes for deletion]). Standard template: Template with variable text Example: ---- Test template ---- Renders as: ---- Test template runs well

Syntax for generating non-templates

Regular article Article in the Wikipedia: namespace

Instructions (to be updated)

Template creation

In order to create a new custom message, simply create a page in the Template namespace, named "Template:", followed by a name for the message, that contains the text of the message. Names can now contain spaces and initial case is irrelevant. To create such a page, enter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:TheNameOfYourTemplate in the address bar of your browser and edit the page. An alternate method is to create a link something like Template:mymessage on your user page or in the sandbox and then click on it. You may want to consider protecting the messages you create (if you have administrator privileges), but see the talk page for a discussion of this. Please list any custom messages you create on this page.

Dynamic or subst

:Main article: Wikipedia:Template substitution There are two major ways to include custom messages, and . makes a copy of the message text and places it where you put the tag after you save an article (substitution). Without "subst", the message will be loaded and put on the page every time you view it, a process known as transclusion. In other words, when the message is updated, you do not need to update a page that uses it if you use . As a guideline, short, temporal messages that will be removed soon should be copied using subst (which has the advantage of showing the message in the wiki source), and standard notices that might remain on a page for months or forever should be transcluded for easy updating. (You should not use for a message which contain any links which may change in the future. This method doesn't refresh "What links here" unless every article containing the get changed after the modification of the link in the message.) If you need to edit the template message individually after you put it on your page, use subst. If you don't need to edit it, and would rather the message is automatically updated along with changes made to the template, don't use subst.

Edit self-link

For convenient editing of the custom message from a page on which it is used you can include in the custom message a link to edit itself, see e.g. the navigational box at Train. Template:ed provides one way to include such a link.

Template documentation

A template can sometimes be difficult to use by only looking on the source of the template, so it's encourage to document your template. The prefered place to write this documentation is on the template talk space. There you should write short how ti use the template, and excepted result. The easies way to do this is to type , which will insert standardized boilerplate text for the documentation, and also separated the documentation with the eventual discussion.

Sandbox for experiments

If you wish to experiment with templates (and not have your experiments deleted before you are done with them), you may do so in the Template sandbox. You may also use the templates X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8 and X9 for experimental purposes. To include a test template, use the form for template X1, for template X2, etc.

History

Historically, an "msg:" prefix had to be added in front of the template name when used on a page. For example, was typed instead of . This is no longer necessary. Until June 2004, the MediaWiki namespace was used for creating other boilerplate text messages, to be inserted in articles. This function was replaced with the Template namespace during a software upgrade. As a function of the "Template namespace initialisation script", all non-system messages were moved to the new namespace, and many redirects still exist. The initialisation script also replaced MediaWiki: references in articles with Template: in order to bypass the redirects. For a short time, Wikipedia:Articles for deletion (then known as votes for deletion or VfD) used MediaWiki: messages named in the format "MediaWiki:VfD-articlename". These were moved to the Template: space in June 2004 and are now named "Template:VfD-articlename". This usage is deprecated now in favor of subpages. A (long) list of these VfD vote pages can be found at Wikipedia:VfD votes in the Template namespace.

Search templates

E.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?ns0=0&ns1=0&ns2=0&ns3=0&ns4=0&ns5=0&ns6=0&ns7=0&&ns9=0&ns10=1&ns11=1&ns12=0&ns13=0&ns14=0&ns15=0&searchx=Search&search=regnum Wikipedia template search for regnum] searches the Template and Template talk namespaces for "regnum". However, this does not work if the search term exists as a pagename in any namespace!

Wikipedia:Requested templates

This page is for requesting templates from other Wikipedians if your knowledge in Wiki Syntax is limited. Add a description of the requested template and precise its function. Suggesting a name is optional.

Automatic navigational templates

I would like a template that, based on a category name passed to it, produces a navigational template. Thanks! :) --Unforgettableid | Talk to me 04:14, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Request #0

or For a table in my (or other users) pages title:
- User:John Doe space for a picture (180px, I guess)and then:
- born:13 august 1991/1991
- status:Not and administrator/administrator
- Areas of Interest:Mathematics, Cryptography
- other and then a secondary title Languages followed by:
- En-1 template, paragraph and:
- sv template (or whatever other language) Unbelievable, but there's no such template yet! See this user page to get an idea

Request #1

A template for high schools (or even all institutions of education). I was looking for one and didn't see it, but:
- am I looking in the wrong place?
- am I asking in the wrong place?
- should I be the one doing it? If so, how? I know that there are lots of pages on different U.S. High schools. I just didn't see any common theme. Gnirts 02:46, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
- Look in Portal:Schools, they probably have it there.--Atlantima 18:55, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Extended Biography Template

I would like an extended biography template that has more than simply dates of birth and death. In particular I would like to have slots for standard biblographic data such as:
- Education
- Nationality
- Occupation(s) The advantage of having this in template form is that it is then possible to build better query interfaces and would eventually allow a large number of categories to be dispensed with such as Irish Engineers which is really just the intersection of two categories that could each be compiled automatically by a bot. Equally a lot of silly lists could be avoided. For more info on these ideas see my user page. The existing template seems to be very limited, am I just looking in the wrong place? One objection to this might be performance but I would rather look into ways to improve performance. For example locking the template to prevent graphiti designed to cause a massive sequence of collateral edits. --Gorgonzilla 20:44, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Number of Contributions

I would like a template that displays the numer of edits a user had made. I know Wikipeda has a way of counting edits. I have made a "dummy template" below to illistrate what I want. A "dummy template" is not actually a template, it is a Divbox that has been placed into the article. Would expand into The number 00 represents the number of edits that apply to the coresponding edit types, it is not necessarily going to always be zero, or two digits (a real zero would look like 0). "Articles edited" means the number of aricles that the user has edited at least once, including article creations. The same principle applies to Talk, Project, and template pages. this is just a suggestion, It is less likely a completed virsion (if any) would resemple this "dummy template"
The problem is that I have no idea where to get those numbers from. Is there a way? or would an Admin have to create a function that returns a single numerical value (number of edits)? — Kjammer ⌂ 08:57, 2 September 2005 (UTC) :Perhaps something similar to [http://kohl.wikimedia.org/~kate/cgi-bin/count_edits Kate's tool]. — Kjammer ⌂ 06:48, 16 September 2005 (UTC) ::This would be nifty, but wouldn't it put a terrible load on the servers once it became popular, as I imagine would happen? Especially if people started adding it with their sigs in talk pages? If anyone implements this, I hope they will put it on their own website, and write the template to use of their own CPU cycles :-/ If anyone is willing to do this, I think this would be a nifty template.---CH [[User_talk:Hillman|(talk)]] 01:28, 21 November 2005 (UTC) Category:Wikipedia requests Category:Wikipedia templates

Photoshop

I would appreciate a vanity template for a Babel tag that says "I am (a beginning/intermediate/expert) Photoshop user." Thanks for your help. Denni ☯ 00:48, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

SectionCopy

I don't know if there's another way to do this (if so, please tell me: talk), but I've often found that I need to copy certain information between articles. Besides this being tedious, it also causes problems, for instance when one instance of the information is updated, and then the copy remains untouched. It also means that correctly updating pieces of information across WikiPedia involves multiple article edits. :Here's an example: :On the Stargate SG-1 page, there is information about when each Season of the show is released on DVD. This information is also available, in less detail, on the List of Stargate SG-1 episodes page, which lists each of the aforementioned Seasons. What I want to be able to do is, on the List of Stargate SG-1 episodes page, add and then have that section of the Stargate SG-1 actively rendered into the List of Stargate SG-1 episodes article. Optionally, it would be even more helpful to be able to copy just small sections of sections, by placing marker templates in the source article. So, for instance: :Source Article#Section
Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah

Important Bit

Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah :Destination Article#Section
Blah blah blah blah blah blah

Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah Obviously the and tags are invisible on the actual page. This is 'SectionCopy' only because we don't want full articles to be copied across WikiPedia; if you need to copy more than a section then you're doing something wrong. If this is already available, I'd love to know about it, and if it's not, why on earth not!? This would be so helpful, and thankyou to anyone who codes this. --alfakim 21:17, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

User ar-0

Can someone please make a language template for user ar-0? Anyone who knows Arabic can do this, just take Template:User ar-1 and edit it to resemble Template:User en-0 :) I don't know enough Arabic to make this. -- Ynhockey 22:33, 23 October 2005 (UTC) Ok I got someone to write this template, but it should probably be wikified. See Template:User ar-0 -- Ynhockey 23:01, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

Middle Ages Project

Hi, it would be nice to have a template that can be used on relevant article talk pages that announces the existence of the Middle Ages Community Group and invites interested wikipedians to read or join in the project. The Middle Ages group is long established and has many members. Any ideas or help appreciated. Stbalbach 20:57, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Aqua template

I copied the following from Village pump assistance. I'd be grateful for any help.Chelman 20:51, 31 October 2005 (UTC) I was thinking of developing a dynamic (sweetwater)aquarium guide template similar to the taxobox. Per species of fish one can add: temperature ph range general hardness range carbonate hardness range whether the fish is a bottom, surface or 'middle' dweller whether it requires flowing water ease of keeping ease of breeding Preferably this would use graphic icons. I wonder whether there is a place on wikipedia where i can experiment with dynamic templates? And is there anyone who would be willing to provide assistance? Chelman 15:30, 31 October 2005 (UTC) Well....actually i got down to it and managed to put down an early version. you can check the template out by adding the following to an aquarium fish-species page (use the preview mode ;) :

I would be most grateful for any and all suggestions on how to improve the template. Chelman 16:58, 31 October 2005 (UTC)
Revert template
Could a template be made for when you revert some edits? Maybe something like this:

which would generate the text: "reverted edits by 12.34.56.78 to last version by Wikiuser" The template could have an extra optional argument for providing a reason for the revert. I have a feeling this template might not be possible with the current version of MediaWiki. Are templates even allowed in edit summaries? --ColdFeet 08:23, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
- I second this request. Though you'd need to make it mandatory to use it as a "subst:", otherwise you'd probably bog down the server pretty badly. --Miketwo 02:13, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
NOAA template
The national oceanic and atmospheric association is a government source that I use, I want a template similar to the NPS template, but for NOAA sourced text. Thanks!
ArXiv template, LLR template plez
Hi, currently many research papers in math/physics also exist as arXiv eprints, and citations to the arXiv version is most useful for Wikipedia since these are available permanently on-line. For the benefit of those editing math/physics articles, I have two requests: 1. A template which when called like
-
- produces
- Roberts, M. D., [http://www.arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9811093 Spacetime Exterior to a Star: Against Asymptotic Flatness]. Version dated May 16, 2002. Here, please note that all arXiv preprints are accessed via an abstract page which has a url of form http://www.arxiv.org/abs/ followed by a section like "gr-qc", followed by a number like "9811093" in which the first two digits encode the year that the preprint was first submitted. If you look at the cited page, you can see that this particular preprint has been modified five times, and I am citing the most recent version. This example shows why the year indicated by the prefix does not always suffice, although I think the date and year could be made optional arguments for this template. 2. A new argument for which when called like
- produces
- Bicak, Jiri (2000). Selected exact solutions of Einstein's field equations: their role in general relativity and astrophysics. Lect. Notes Phys. 540: 1-126. [http://www.arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0004016 ArXiv version] Regarding WikiProject GTR, the website [http://relativity.livingreviews.org/ Living Reviews in Relativity] provides high-quality peer-reviewed review papers available on-line. Naturally, these tend to be much cited. So for benefit of this project-in-formation, I request: 3. A template which when called like
-
- produces
- Gönner, Hubert F. M. [http://relativity.livingreviews.org/open?pubNo=lrr-2004-2 On the History of Unified Field Theories]. Living Reviews in Relativity. Version dated August 10, 2005. Here, note that all LLR papers have a url of form http://relativity.livingreviews.org/open?pubNo= followed by a code like "lrr-2004-2" (second review published in 2004). (Note: on second thought, this seems to involve a cgi-script. I don't much about that, but before writing the template, our expert should perhaps consider whether it would be really bad idea to try to offer a citation-specific url instead of the front page of this site. CH [[User_talk:Hillman|(talk)]]) Crucial question: these templates would be extremely useful to me and I think to others. But what if someone nominates them for deletion? If they were approved for deletion, would this destroy all citations which had used these templates? Or would the admin deleting the template make sure to migrate all citations to a new template? ---CH [[User_talk:Hillman|(talk)]] 17:08, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
Comic art citation templates
Hi, I was wondering if someone could create some citation templates based upon the guidelines at http://www.english.ufl.edu/comics/scholars/guide.html for me? I've been bashing away but I don't understand how you create non-required fields. I have knocked up the following fields:
Comic book reference
(w), (p), (i). "" - , v, #. (), : / of which Writer, Penciller, Publication title and publisher should be required fields. What would be nice would be if there was a way of interchanging either penciller and inker with artist as required fields, and cartoonist for writer, penciller, inker or writer, artist, but that probably overcomplicates it way too much. Might be best to do three seperate templates. (w), (a). "" - , v, #. (), : / . "" - , v, #. (), : /
Comic strip reference
. . . , : With all but panel being required.

Editorial or panel cartoon

. , "{{{

Main Page

Wikipedia in other languages

You may read and edit articles in many different languages:

Wikipedia's sister projects

__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__

Wikipedia:WikiProject

:Note: WikiProjects are not Wikimedia sister projects. A WikiProject is a collection of pages devoted to the management of a specific family of information within Wikipedia. It is not a place to write encyclopedia articles, but a resource to help coordinate and organize article writing. The attached talk pages are a convenient forum for those interested in a particular project. Projects can also have associated Wikiportals. Regional notice boards also seek to improve a broad category of articles based on geographical regions. See the complete List of WikiProjects.

Before you begin

Ask yourself this question—is a WikiProject right for what I want to do? A Wikiproject is designed to co-ordinate the efforts of several users, and to allow a group of conceptually related pages to have similar structures and appearance. However, using a WikiProject adds a considerable amount of additional effort and administration and it only begins to deliver value once several users are actively involved. Generally you should have at least 5–10 people involved before a Wikiproject structure makes any sense and adds any value. If you don't think you'll get at least 5–10 people on board, then don't waste your effort—you'll be better off just writing your articles. If you are not sure: If you have a subject you are passionate about, but you aren't certain if anyone else is interested, then write a brief description of your project on your user page, and a link to it on Wikipedia:Wikiproject/List of proposed projects. If interest is good, feel free to launch the project; otherwise you will probably find it more effective to focus your efforts on the articles themselves. ----

Suggestions for new projects

# Read Wikiproject Best practices for tips on leading a WikiProject. # Create the main project page at Wikipedia:WikiProject projectname. (See Starting a new page) # Create an outline on your project page: #
- Add {{subst:WikiProject|projectname}} into your main project page and save. (See m:Help:Template for details.) # Identify pages within the scope of your project: #
- A good way to do this is to copy the listings of Special:Whatlinkshere for the most important articles related to your project. #
- You will probably want to save a copy of the list on a project status subpage. # Create a project to-do list to focus and coordinate your collaborative efforts. # If possible, link to a sample article to give other Wikipedians a feel for the project's goals. # Advertise! #
- Create a project notice template, and insert it at the top of the talk page of related articles. #
- Find prospective members on IRC at Freenode in the general [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia #wikipedia] discussion channel. # Collaborate in real-time with other project members using IRC at Freenode. Log into [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikiproject #wikiproject], which was created especially for WikiProject coordination and collaboration.

General

General is a high military rank, used by nearly every country in the world. General may be a rank on its own, or can be used as a generic term for "general officers". In most nations, the various grades of General are at the top of the rank structure; but some countries have even higher ranks such as Field Marshal or Marshal. General Officer, often referred to less formally and imprecisely as "General", refers to a military officer who holds any rank grade of General. The exact rank of a general may be determined by combining a prefix (e.g. Major General) or suffix (e.g. General of the Army) with the word general. A General, without prefix or suffix (and sometimes referred to informally as a "full general"), is usually the most senior general officer rank, above Lieutenant General. In some armies, however, the rank of Captain General, General of the Army, Army General or Colonel General occupied or occupies this position. These ranks may be considered to be equivalent to a full General or to a Field Marshal, depending on the army in question. While historically an army rank, General is also used in most air forces, although those based on the British Royal Air Force use Air Marshal instead, with Air Officer being the generic title. In most navies of the world, the equivalent rank is Admiral and the generic term is Flag Officer; however a noteworthy historical exception was the Cromwellian naval rank General at sea. The rank of General began appearing around the time of the organization of professional armies in the 17th century. At first, it was added as an adjective to existing names of ranks, yielding Colonel General, Captain General, Lieutenant General and Sergeant Major General. These titles were used to distinguish the ruler's most important officers and usually involved a certain amount of negotiation over precedence.

General ranks by seniority

The following are the commoner modern grades of General, listed by seniority. Not all countries use all these ranks, although the lowest four are common to many. The highest rank is only used in the US. Grades of general are also not necessarily equal in all countries (for instance, in some countries Major General is the lowest general officer rank and may well be closer to Brigadier General in countries that have them). In some European and Commonwealth nations, the equivalent to Brigadier General is Brigadier, which is not considered to be a general officer rank, although it is generally considered to be equivalent to the rank of Brigadier General. During World War I and World War II, the German Navy maintained a rank known as General Admiral, but this was a naval position unconnected to the regular land forces rank of General. The rank of General may also be found commonly in fiction sources especially war dramas or science fiction settings.

General ranks by country

The following articles deal with the rank of General as it is employed in the militaries of various countries.
- Aluf (Israel)
- Général (France)
- General (Germany)
- General (Switzerland)
- General (United Kingdom)
- General (United States)
- Daejang (North Korea)
- Taejang (South Korea)

External links

- [http://www.generals.dk/ Generals of World War II]
- [http://schema-root.org/region/americas/north_america/usa/government/executive/departments/defense/personnel/generals/ Schema-root.org: US Generals] News feeds for US Generals in the news Category:Military ranks
- ja:将軍

Wikipedia:Sister projects

This article is part of the Wikipedia Manual of Style. These templates are designed to provide article-to-article linking between Wikipedia and its Wikimedia sister projects. Wikipedia encourages links to sister projects and interlanguage links when possible. However, links to sister projects should not be used excessively. Link to sister projects are best placed in the actual section of the article that they relate to. In some cases, they are best placed in the article's introduction. __TOC__

General considerations

:These are template boxes with graphical logos. To link sister projects using traditional inline text links see Wikipedia:Interwikimedia link.

Guidelines

If sister project name is Foo:
- - move to foo
- - article in Foo with same title is about the same topic.
- - Pagename in Foo is about the same topic.
- par is used generally in the template name to point to a concrete page name in a sister project (i.e. ). If a number is used, it indicates the numbers of links (i.e. , to link to two pages).

Show Sister Projects Template

shows nice selection of sister projects.

Specific Projects

Wikiquote

Pages needing to be moved:
- Template:Move to Wikiquote Links to pages to the Wikiquote site:
- Template:Wikiquote (uses PAGENAME)
- Template:Wikiquotepar (uses parameter as in ))

Wiktionary

Pages needing to be moved:
- Template:Move to Wiktionary Links to pages on the Wiktionary site:
- Box format
- Template:Wiktionary (uses PAGENAME and generates a search rather than linking directly to a page — because Wiktionary article titles are fully case sensitive, this may not yield the desired result)
- Template:Wiktionarypar (uses parameter as in )
- Template:Wiktionarypar2 (uses 2 parameters as in )
- Template:Wiktionarypar3 (uses 3 parameters as in )
- Template:Wi (uses PAGENAME), used for dictionary definitions
- Template:Wiktionaryleft (identical to Template:Wiktionarypar, but on the LHS of the page)
- To define a word in-line with other text, create an interwiki link in the format: definition of SomeWord.

Wikibooks

Pages needing to be moved:
- Template:Move to Wikibooks Links to pages to the Wikibooks site:
- Template:Wikibooks
- Template:Wikibookspar (requires two or more parameters as in )
- Template:Wikibookspage (requires only a parameter, the wikibook page).
- Template:Wikibookschapter (for new-style books; requires parameters for the book, chapter, and name)
- Template:Book — For a subject with a single book. (i.e. Algebra)
- Template:Cookbook
- Template:Cookbookpar (requires parameter as in )

Wikisource

Pages needing to be moved:
- Template:Move to Wikisource Links to pages to the Wikisource site:
- Template:Wikisource (uses PAGENAME)
- Template:Wikisourcecat (uses PAGENAME)
- Template:Wikisourcepar (requires parameter as in )
- Template:Wikisourcepar2 (requires two parameters as in )
- Template:Wikisourcelang (requires three parameters as in )
- Template:Wikisource author (uses PAGENAME to point to Author:PAGENAME)
- Template:Wikisource1911Enc (requires parameter as in )

Wikimedia Commons

for linking to a specific Commons page and for displayed link. |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
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- Bottom of article (typically in External links). |{{{{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" |- ! Template !! What it makes !! Where it goes |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
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- Placed at bottom of article (typically in External links)
- Uses parameter (i.e. insert article name here) for a manual link. |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
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- Bottom of article (typically in External links). |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
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- Bottom of article (typically in External links or Sister links). |{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" |- ! Template !! What it makes !! Where it goes |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
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- Placed at bottom of article (typically in External links)
- Uses parameter for a manual link. |- |{{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" |- ! Template !! What it makes !! Where it goes |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
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- Placed at bottom of article (typically in External links)
- Uses parameter for a manual link. |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
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- Placed at bottom of article (typically in External links)
- Cannot use parameters for a manual link, because the link is automatic. |{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" |- ! Template !! What it makes !! Where it goes |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
- .
- Placed at bottom of article (typically in Internal or External links).
- Cannot use parameters for a manual link, because the link is automatic.
- Coordinated and coherent (used in all the wikimedia sisterprojects and in the same way). |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
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- Placed at bottom of article (typically in External links)
- Needs manual parameter |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
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- Placed at the top of a category, or at bottom of article (typically in External links)
- Needs manual parameter
- Part of the Sisterlink project |{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" |- ! Template !! What it makes !! Where it goes |- |
[ Edit]
Talk
Links | |
- .
- Placed at bottom of article (typically in Internal or External links).
- Cannot use parameters for a manual link, because the links are automatic.
- Coordinated and coherent (used in all the wikimedia sisterprojects and in the same way). |{{

Maintenance

- Maintenance see Maintenance, Repair and Operations; for railroad usage, see maintenance of way.
- Maintenance is a legal term of art that is used to describe child support, alimony (also called spousal support), and champerty. It is less commonly used to describe unlawful conduct where a third-party provides help to a litigant who does not have a bona-fide interest in a lawsuit.
- Maintenance is an industry term that is used to describe software maintenance in the computer software industry
- Maintenance is an industry term that is used to describe preventive maintenance in manufacturing, e.g. "schedule maintenance on the grinding machine" ja:メンテナンス

Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup

The following tags should be added to the articles needing cleanup, not to their talk pages. Unless otherwise noted, they should be placed at the tops of articles. Some tags have alternative versions that apply to situations of greater specificity.

Cleanup — general

Cleanup — specific issues

Cleanup — miscellaneous

Controversy

See Wikipedia:Template messages/Disputes.

Copyright violations

See Wikipedia:Template messages/Maintenance#Copyright violations and Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission.

Merging and splitting

Moving to other projects

Stubs

See Wikipedia:Stub. Unlike cleanup tags, stub tags should be added at the bottom of the article. It is possible to use , but if you have time to find the correct topical stub tag instead, please do so. Topical stub tags are listed on Wikipedia:Template messages/Stubs and shown in the stub categories. Example:

Translations and pronunciations

Wikipedia:Navigational templates

Navigational templates are, together with template messages, the templates in the Template namespace. To learn how to create or edit them, see the latter two links. A navigational template is often a small list for use in several related articles, without the usual disadvantages of duplication; in particular, editing is done in a central place, the template page. See also "Related topics" (navigational lists). Since their number is ever-increasing, this page attempts to keep track of them in a structured manner. When you create a new MediaWiki element of this kind, please add it to this page. See also: Wikipedia:List of article series, Wikipedia:Topics.

General navigation templates

Some editors deprecate large, colorful, list-based templates on small articles. When the navigation is between the members of a category will place the article in a category, and provide links to that category and to a general article or list. For succession in office, consider unless the office in question clearly needs its own template. Variant templates for persons who have held several notable offices are discussed on its talk page. Peerage successions are customarily handled with .

Side boxes and headers

Many of these templates are used to help structure Wikipedia:Article series. Please see that page for format and layout.

History and timelines

- Template:History of animation - History of animation series
- Template:Byzantine Emperor
- Template:ColdWar - Cold War series
- Template:Crusade - Crusades series
- Template:History of the English penny - History of the English penny
- Template:MusicTimeline - Timeline of trends in music
- Template:Evolution of the NHL - Leagues leading up to the National Hockey League
- Template:Paleozoic - Palaeozoic era
- Template:Polish Secret State, Template:Polish Secret State small - Polish Secret State series
- Template:Proterozoic - Proterozoic era
- Template:Mesozoic - Mesozoic era
- Template:WarsawUprisingNav - Warsaw Uprising series
- Template:WolfPrizes - Wolf Prize series

History of countries

Entertainment and fiction

- Template:Infobox The Simpsons episodes - Notable episodes of The Simpsons
- Template:The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror episodes - Halloween episodes of The Simpsons
- Template:ASUE - A Series of Unfortunate Events coverage
- Template:Characters of The West Wing (television)
- Template:Matrix - The Matrix Series (movies)
- Template:Bladerunner - Blade Runner (movie)

Ethnicity

- African Americans: Template:AfricanAmerican
- Catalans-speakers: Template:Catalan-speaking world
- Jews: Template:Jew

Other

- Calendars: Template:Calendar - List of month templates used to create perpetual calendars, Template:JanuaryCalendar, Template:FebruaryCalendar, Template:MarchCalendar, Template:AprilCalendar, Template:MayCalendar, Template:JuneCalendar, Template:JulyCalendar, Template:AugustCalendar, Template:SeptemberCalendar, Template:OctoberCalendar, Template:NovemberCalendar, Template:DecemberCalendar
- Car racing: Template:Formula One
- Computing: Template:IPstack - Articles about Internet Protocols and related topics, Template:OSIModel - OSI Model series
- Emotions: Template:Emotion - Emotion and emotion theory series
- Food: Template:Meals - Meals series
- Hats and headgear: Template:Headgear - Headgear series
- Hebrew Bible (Tanakh): Template:Books of Ketuvim - Books of Ketuvim, Template:Books of Nevi'im - Books of Nevi'im, Template:Books of Torah - Books of the Torah
- Marriage: Template:SSM - Same-sex marriage series
- Mathematics and natural sciences: Template:Calculus - Topics in calculus
- People: Template:Table Lists of people - Lists of people, Template:List of people (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, V, W, Z; not needed: Q, U, X, Y) - List of people by name
- Politics: Template:Politics of Poland - Politics of Poland series, Template:Politics of Sweden - Politics of Sweden series, Template:PoliticsUK - Politics of the United Kingdom series
- Prizes: Template:NobelPrizes - Nobel Prize series
- Radio: Template:RadioSD - List of radio stations in South Dakota
- Social sciences: Template:Psychology - Main areas of and pages for psychology
- Transportation: Template:North American named trains
- Wikipedia: Template:Bjaodn - Pages of Wikipedia:Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense, Template:Encyclopedia - Wikipedia:List of encyclopedia topics series, Template:InPrint - Wikipedia in magazines/newspapers/journals, Template:Villagepumppagesbox - Sections of the Village pump

Footers

Geography

- Template:Eight-thousander - Mountains over 8,000 metres
- Template:Region - Subcontinents, regions, and subregions of the world

Continents

- Template:Continent - Seven Continents of the world
- Template:Africafooter - General topics on Africa
- Template:Asiafooter - General topics on Asia
- Template:Europefooter - General topics on Europe

Countries

- Template:Central Africa - Countries in Central Africa
- Template:East Africa - Countries in East Africa
- Template:East Asia - Countries in East Asia
- Template:Europe - countries in Europe
- Template:North Africa - Countries in North Africa
- Template:North America - Countries in North America
- Template:Pacific - Countries in Oceania
- Template:South America - Countries in South America
- Template:South Asia - Countries in South Asia
- Template:Southeast Asia - Countries in Southeast Asia
- Template:Southern Africa - Countries in Southern Africa
- Template:Southwest Asia - Countries in Southwest Asia
- Template:West Africa - Countries in West Africa

Sub-entities of countries

Sub-entities of sub-national entities

WP:templates

All templates

Related pages for specific types of templates

Wikipedia:Template namespace

Syntax

Syntax for generating non-templates

Instructions (to be updated)

Template creation

Dynamic or subst

Edit self-link

Template documentation

Sandbox for experiments

History

Search templates

See also

Wikipedia:Requested templates

Automatic navigational templates

Request #0

Request #1

Extended Biography Template

Number of Contributions

Photoshop

SectionCopy

User ar-0

Middle Ages Project

Aqua template

Revert template

NOAA template

ArXiv template, LLR template plez

Comic art citation templates

Comic book reference

Comic strip reference

Editorial or panel cartoon

Main Page

Wikipedia in other languages

Wikipedia's sister projects

Wikipedia:WikiProject

Before you begin

Suggestions for new projects

See also

General

General ranks by seniority

General ranks by country

See also

External links

Wikipedia:Sister projects

General considerations

Guidelines

Show Sister Projects Template

Specific Projects

Maintenance

Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup

Cleanup — general

Cleanup — specific issues

Cleanup — miscellaneous

Controversy

Copyright violations

Merging and splitting

Moving to other projects

Stubs

Translations and pronunciations

Wikipedia:Navigational templates

General navigation templates

Side boxes and headers

History and timelines

History of countries

Entertainment and fiction

Music

Music by region

Linguistics

Religion

Geography

Ethnicity

Other

Footers

Geography

Continents

Countries

Sub-entities of countries

Sub-entities of sub-national entities